Social epidemiology: Definition, history, and research examples

Fat embolism syndrome: history, definition, epidemiology.

The first clinical case of fat embolism was described over 100 years ago and significant progress has been made in the understanding of this condition since then. Gurd's criteria, consisting of major and minor clinical features, is the most commonly used diagnostic tool in the literature. Due to the lack of a gold standard for diagnosis, clinical criteria cannot be validated. It is now recogniz...

Nondisjunction — Definition and Examples

Definition and Examples of DTMCs

The objective of this chapter is to describe a special type of stochastic process called discrete time Markov chain (DTMC). We first provide definitions for DTMCs using simple language as well as mathematics. Then we describe a systematic technique to model a system as a DTMC. Finally we provide examples to both illustrate the modeling technique as well as to motivate the breadth of real-world ...

Convex Spaces I: Definition and Examples

We propose an abstract definition of convex spaces as sets where one can take convex combinations in a consistent way. A priori, a convex space is an algebra over a finitary version of the Giry monad. We identify the corresponding Lawvere theory as the category from [Fri09] and use the results obtained there to extract a concrete definition of convex space in terms of a family of binary operati...

Sarcopenia: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology

The epidemiological trends that characterize our generation are the aging of the population. Aging results in a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength called sarcopenia, which is Greek for 'poverty of flesh'. Sarcopenia could lead to functional impairment, physical disability, and even mortality. Today, sarcopenia is a matter of immense public concern for aging prevention. Its prevalence ...